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Otto Boettger (1842-1907): Difference between revisions
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==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
Created by [[Benjamin Hollister]] and made available under [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0]]. | Created by [[Benjamin Hollister]] and made available under [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0]]. | ||
=== In Germany === | === In Germany and Russia === | ||
Böttger was born on the first of Septemeber, 1842, in Elbrefeld, near the city of Dusseldorf, in the Rhine Province of Prussia, the son of Wilhelm and Julia (née Schmidt) Böttger. At the time Elberfeld was predominantly Protestant with 11 Lutheran and Reformed churches. It is likely that Otto attended a church school until the age of 10, when he transferred to a technical high school, followed by his apprenticeship as an instrumentmaker at the age of 14. In the early and mid 19th century, Elberfeld and the nearby Barmen were the most industrialised towns in any of the German states, with Elberfeld referred to as the "German Manchester", and also suffered from the associated issues of poverty and pauperism.<ref>https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elberfeld</ref> The civic response was the beginning of the industrial welfare state in Greater Germany.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Willis |first=James |date=2016 |title=The Elberfeld System: Poor Relief and The Fluidity Of German Identity In Mid-Nineteenth Century Germany |url=https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/1159/ |type=MA (History) |chapter= |publisher=Boise State University |docket= |oclc= |access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref> | Böttger was born on the first of Septemeber, 1842, in Elbrefeld, near the city of Dusseldorf, in the Rhine Province of Prussia, the son of Wilhelm and Julia (née Schmidt) Böttger. At the time Elberfeld was predominantly Protestant with 11 Lutheran and Reformed churches. It is likely that Otto attended a church school until the age of 10, when he transferred to a technical high school, followed by his apprenticeship as an instrumentmaker at the age of 14. In the early and mid 19th century, Elberfeld and the nearby Barmen were the most industrialised towns in any of the German states, with Elberfeld referred to as the "German Manchester", and also suffered from the associated issues of poverty and pauperism.<ref>https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elberfeld</ref> The civic response was the beginning of the industrial welfare state in Greater Germany.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Willis |first=James |date=2016 |title=The Elberfeld System: Poor Relief and The Fluidity Of German Identity In Mid-Nineteenth Century Germany |url=https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/1159/ |type=MA (History) |chapter= |publisher=Boise State University |docket= |oclc= |access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref> | ||
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In 1894, Otto made a trip back to Germany.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92858409 |title=Shipping News. |newspaper=[[South Australian Chronicle]] |volume=XXXVI, |issue=1,859 |location=South Australia |date=7 April 1894 |accessdate=29 September 2023 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> | In 1894, Otto made a trip back to Germany.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92858409 |title=Shipping News. |newspaper=[[South Australian Chronicle]] |volume=XXXVI, |issue=1,859 |location=South Australia |date=7 April 1894 |accessdate=29 September 2023 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> | ||
=== Return to Germany and death === | |||
On March 4, 1899, Otto and Johanne left South Australia aboard the Barbarossa, bound for Bremen and retirement in Germany. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87788336 |title=Shipping News. |newspaper=[[Chronicle]] |volume=41, |issue=2,116 |location=South Australia |date=11 March 1899 |accessdate=29 September 2023 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> he died in 1907 and Johanne continued to live in Köln (Cologne) until her death in 1921. | On March 4, 1899, Otto and Johanne left South Australia aboard the Barbarossa, bound for Bremen and retirement in Germany. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article87788336 |title=Shipping News. |newspaper=[[Chronicle]] |volume=41, |issue=2,116 |location=South Australia |date=11 March 1899 |accessdate=29 September 2023 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> he died in 1907 and Johanne continued to live in Köln (Cologne) until her death in 1921. | ||